Table of Contents
National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2021-2025) is the preface planning in disaster managment policy in Bangladesh to disaster risk reduction and emergency response and recovery. It is practiced by the government of Bangladesh under the mission of the ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR)
Vision of Government
Government of Bangladesh is prepared to manage the disaster management; so governement of Bangladesh is taking some vision steps that is given below-
- To reduce the risk of people
- The poor and the disadvantaged
- To effects of natural, environment and human induced hazards
- Acceptable humanitarian level
- To have in place an efficient emergency response management system
Mission of MoDMR
Mission of the MoDMR is “To achieve a paradigm shift in disaster management from conventional response and relief to a more comprehensive risk reduction and to promote food security as as important factor in ensuring the reslience of communities hazards”
i) The National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM) has been prepared in the development context; considering the disaster pattern and others factors. It promotes the disaster management plan with the implementation of 2030. It also increased the plan with global agreement including climate change agreement, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It requires the continued development context to continue and implement this plan.
ii) The Government of Bangladesh targets to fulfil middle-income country requirement in 2021 and develop the country within 2041. So, the Government of Bangladesh, Delta Plan 2100 etc. The National Plan for Disaster Management is formatted by the Government of Bangladesh to fulfil development goals by requring disaster impact, severe impacts of socio-economic progress etc.
Goals of NPDM (2021-2025)
There are three goals of National Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDM 2021-25) is
- Saving lives
- Protecting invesments
- Effective recovery and rebuilding
Overview of NPDM 2021-2025
National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2016-2020) is relation with National Plan to the management plan for developing. It reflects the international frameworks basic principles including the SAARC framework. It formatted a proper way to continue the development strategy and to implement the plan. It indicates the relevant sector to track the issues such as climate change adaptation, response and recovery system, risk reduction, livelihood security, capacity building, gender mainstreaming and community empowerment. The National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2021-2025) planning for working with elementary framework to enhance the attention of plan and relationship with others ministry. It aims to address some issues such as climat change, change of weather pattern, floods, natural disasters and man-made disasters.
Purpose of National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2021-2025)
The National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2021-2025) has a different purpose to implement the plan. Its purpose is to enhance the implementation of the Disaster Management Act 2012, Disaster Management Policy 2015 and SOD 2019. It promotes the effective resilient community build up management planning and to focus on risk reduction and resilience over the various ministries agencies and sectors.
National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2021-2025) procures to enhance climate change adaptation and to reduce the risk of disasters which remains now and in the future. It requires relevant areas to disaster risk management, mitigation to climate change and others by the government, ministry, NGOs. It is connected to different ministries of government, private sector to promote the invesment policy, to promote plan attaches for engaging people.
Aims and Objectives of NPFM (2021-2025)
Objectives: There are some strategies major objectives to implementing of plan and maintain the paln that is-
- To identify the priority actions to guide the implementation of Disaster Management Acts, policy and programmes in terms of action plans;
- Incorporate Disaster Management aspects in the plan and programmes of the sectoral ministries and agencies to ensure risk informed development plans;
- Provide a roadmap for progress and implementation of at least 35 core invesments;
- Ensure inclusion of disability, class, ethnicity; religious minority and address gender responsive in all plans and programmes;
- Express the investments areas both in public and private sectors and also in hazard prone regions, communities;
- Illustrate to other ministries, development partners, UN agencies, I/NGOs, civil society and the private sector how their work can contribute to the achievements of the strategic goals and government vision for Disaster Management.
- To emerging disaster risks; emphasize urban disaster risk and align those in the plan responsiveness in all plans and programmes;
- Promote risk governance in the disaster management programmes, compliance including oversight and accountability and monitoring
Aims:
Some aims were set up to maintain the plans and overall combined the plans.
- Provide strategic direction to the government ministries, NGOs and other stakeholders on priority actions to make Bangladesh a resilient country;
- To align with Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and to meet its objectives.
- Provide an analytical framework on how the character of risk is changing to guide the national planning for resilience.
- Provide a set of prioritized actions to be implemented in three phases until the end of 2025.
Scope of NPDM (2021-2025)
National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2021-2025) is the integration plan for the management of disasters and associated events. It is implemented by the Government of Bangladesh and related minitries of GoB. The National Plan for Disaster Management follows the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) which is the vision and ambition of the Government of Bangladesh to achieve objectices, priorities and major activities. National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2021-2025) is focusing on the vision 2041, 8th 5 year plan and The Delta Plan 2100 which is conducted by mission and disaster management. It promotes the risk informed existing and future by planning and shaping invesments policy or initiatives to continue and grow-up business within disasters.
Plan Development Process
National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2021-2025) is formatted to follow the national and international frameworks, based on the disaster and climate risk management, research, available reports of assessment and lastly review the National Plan for Disaster Management 2016-2020 which is implemented by a team of specialists. The National Plan for Disaster Management 2021-2025 was constituted by the following committee who created a plan draft; then the NPDM review panel investigated the plan to finalize the plan.
The National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2021-2025) development process was to identify national and international priorities through sound seminars with stakeholders and specialists. It was a wide range of consultations with stakeholders including Government of Bangladesh, NGOs; were initiated by National Resilience Program, JICA, UNDP and MoDMR from SOD 2019. There was also a severe review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and Climate Change Agreement which was completed for the National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM 2021-2025) with international drivers and plan priorities. There are two workshop that were guided on “Disability inclusive DRM” and “Private sector and Resilience”, to identify the several sectors from formating insights. The National Plan for Disaster Management takes for finalizing the draft.
Risk Contexts and Trends
National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM) constituted to identify the natural disasters, man-made disasters and other environment factors of the environment that are barriers to development. As Bangladesh is a disaster-prone country for geographical location; these disasters affect the environment, human and others with low intensity or high intensity level. So, a plan has been developed to analyzed the severe impact focus of the major area to assuage the disaster impact. Bangladesh is affected by the natural disaster. The disaste is most vulnerable for Bangladesh for the negative impact of climate change including increased extreme weather events and disasters such as heat waves, rising sea levels, drought, soil salinization etc. Recent disasters are Bird Flu, COVID-19 etc. Specially, disasters are affecting vulnerable areas or people such as women & girls, Persons with Disability (PWD). Disaster management systems or strategy contribute in disaster risk reduction to managing the severe risk in particular areas. If emerging the major risk challenges to develo the socio-economic conditions, improving gross domestic product (GDP), social improvement, to the lives, sustainable economic growth, livelihood and to grow environment risk chanllenges. Despite thse challenges, Bangladesh has been developed to gain lower middle-income countries, socio-economic conditions with positive economic trends, accelerating growth and making a proper social progress. If we continue this process; Bangladesh has entered a middle-income country and entered a new development context with global markets.
Bangladesh has entered a middle-income by the proper management and plans but it is baset by various disasters, events and climate change, economic, decreasing gross domestic product (GDP) and the envrionment is lost due to these events. However, these barriers are decreasing from proper management and activities to attain and sustain the current effort for resilience, effective disaster risk management to protect the development gains. The garment sector, industrial, economic sectors are highly vulnerable to economic losses for causing a devasting death toll, major disasters would lead to large economic losses. So, it is decreasing to gain the development goals, sustain the economic loss and the resilience for disasters and hazards, improve quality of life, urban design and expand cities resilient.
Disaster and development linkages
Disasters are barriers to development process and dating of insufficient result choices to implementing policies and regulations to assuage the disaster risk. So, disasters are major intimidation for human life and livelihood. Although, we are not implementing sound policies to reduce disaster and hazard to develop the people’s life, environment and livelihood. In a short time, disasters can destroy any development process, building, livelihood, environment, human life etc. These catastrophe disasters in Bangladesh are published disaster risks. These disasters are entirely related to the developmentt process to imlement the disaster policies. Various disasters have occurred in Bangladesh which is related or interlinked to reveal poverty. Earthquake are one of them. Because it is one of the greatest disaster risks to the live of urban people and property of urban areas; we are not followed in building codes to make a building in urban areas and construction of high-rise buildings. As a result, we are facing hazards and disaster risks.
Climate change is a concern to reveal a disaster’s risk to the development process. But climate change is related with coherent disaster management policies and strategies and adaptive with national and international policies. Disaster management national policies are supporting the socio-economic development process, natural resources management and livelihood. Disaster and hazard risk reveal some crises such as poverty, socio-economic conditions, livelihood, people’s etc. But it is closely interlinked for developing process, improving social economy and lifes, integrating disaster management, sustainable development, reducing disaster risks etc. Disaster and development are closely interlinked; so, it is very important for disaster management and disaster management measures in development initiatives where people’s livelihood are at risk.
Disaster management policies and disaster management policy is implemented by the Government to retrench disaster risk reduction (DRR). Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) does not involve the government; it involves every part of the government, every part of the private sector, every part of society, every part of the environment, every part of the professional sector with disaster management for resilience to sustainable development and proper development process. And its development process continues to base on the disaster risk assessments; avoid existing risk and not generate new risks. If proper planning and management can ensure development projects, we can overcome disaster risks.
Institutional Structure and Drivers for Disaster Management
National DRM Instruments
Disaster managemen is drive by national and international policies and regulations including a) Disaster Management Act 2012 b) Standing Orders on Disasters (SOD) first introduction in 1997 and then revised in 2010 and 2019 c) Disaster Management Policy 2015 d) National Plan for Disaster Management 2010-2015 e) Asian Regional Plan for Disaste Risk Reduction (ARODRR) f) Sustainable Development Goals g) SAARC framework for Action (SFA) 2006-2020 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR 2021-2030)
National Disaster Management Plan (NPDM)
The National Plan for Disaster Management (2010-2015, 2016-2020) is related to global frameworks such as HFA and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR). This framework planning aims to achieve resilience base on the group based strategies a) Disaster management involves the management of both risks and consequences of disasters that include both resilience building and emergency response and post-disaster recovery b) Community involvement in prepardness programmes is a major focus such as local government, district, sub-district and national level c) Non-structural mitigation measures such as community disaster prepardness training, advocacy and public awarness are given high priority, requring integration of structural and non-structural measures.
Disaster Management Policy (DMP)
The Disaster Management (DM) emphasis on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) which is related to disaster management activities at all levels; disaster management (DM) has been approved by the Government of Bangladesh.
Disaster Management Act 2012
Disaster Management Act 2012 is approved by the government of Bangladesh to provide a legal basis of disaster management in the country. The objectives of this act is reduction of disaster risk to a resilient level with appropriate interventions.
Institutional Structure
National Disaster Management is an effort for a coordinated plan by the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR) of the Government of Bangladesh and its related ministry. The prime minister of Government of Bangladesh is headed in direction to manage the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRM) which includes disaste risk reduction, mitigation, prepardness, response and recovery. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRM) is guided and monitored activities by Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD) which was issued by the ministry 1997. The National Disaster Management Council (NDMC) and inter-ministerial Disaster Management Coordination Committee (IMDMC) coordinate disaster related activities at the national level such as District, sub-district and union is at all level is guided and monitoring respective local level Disaster Management Committees (DMCs). Some key of National Level in Disaster Management institutions include:
At National levels:
- National Disaster Management Council (NDMC) headed by the Honorable Prime Minister to formulate and review Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and issue relevant directions;
- Inter-Ministerial Disaster Management Coordination Committee (IMDMCC) headed by the Honourable Minister in charge of the Disaster Management and Relief Division (DM&RD) to implement disaster management policies and decisions of NDMC/GoB
- National Disaster Management Advisory Committee (NDMAC) headed by an experienced person.
- National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR) headed by secretary of MoDMR);
- Earthquale prepardness and Awarness Committee (EPAC) headed by Honourable Minister for MoDMR;
- Focal Point Operation Coordination Group of Disaster Management (EPOCG) headed by the Director General of DDM
- Chemical Disaster Management and Awareness Committee headed by Secretary MoDMR
- Forecast based Financing/Action (FbF/A headed by an addtional secretary MoDMR
At Sub-national levels:
- Divisional Disaster Management Committee (Div.DMC) headed by divisional Commissioner;
- District Disaster Management Committee (DDMC) headed by the Deputy Commissioner (DC)
- City Corporation/Municipality Disaster Management Committee at city and ward levels
- Upazila Disaster Management Commiittee (UZDMC) at upazila, union and ward levels
Disaster Development linkages-National and International Frameworks
The vision of the plan is to take effective measures to protect Bangladesh from severe effects of climate change and global warming. It targets to take all possiable steps to protect vulnerable people from natural disasters and man-made to take actions for the prevention of industry and transport related air pollution and to ensure disposal of waste in a scientific manner.
8th Five-Yesr Plan
The overall goal of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in Bangladesh is to create resilience, reduce their exposure and vulnerability to meteorological hazard, envrionmental, man-made disasters, emerging hazards and climate related extreme events to make cities, human settlements and resources sustainable. Five year plan, the Disaster Management Act (DMA) of 2012 is implemented to achieve and identify finance risk reduction and enable appropriate allocation of resources for disaster resilience through national and international level strategies.
Climate Change Strategic Action Plan on Bangladesh (BCCSAP) 2009
Climate Change Strategic Action Plan prioritizes adaptation and disaster risk reduction, low carbon development, mitigation, technology trasnfer and the provision of adequate finance by Government of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Climate Change Strategic Enhancement by Government of Bangladesh and it also includes a 10 year program to build capacity and resilience of the country to achieve the challenge of climate change over the next 20-25 years There are some links between climate change and disasters that is given below-
- Food Security, social protection and health target
- Combined disaster management to the country’s for disaster management systems
- To ensure infrastructure which good maintained fit for purpose such as coastal and river embanckments
- To predict like scale and timing of climate change impacts by research and knowledge
- Mitigation and low carbon development to involve low carbon options
- To enhance the capacity of government ministries and agencies by capacity building and institutional strategy
Paris Agreement on Climate Change
The paris agreement is an within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). UNFCCC deals with greenhouse gases emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance sector. The paris Agreement on Climate Change was opened for signature in April 2021. United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) members have signed to benefit and opportunity from this agreement to forward a sustainable future by investing more on renewable energy. The Paris Agreement on Climate Change effort to raise awarness and integrate measures into national policies and strategies.
