Introduction
The tousism sector is a huge contribution to the development process. But this sector is assuaged by the various disasters and doesn’t stay in proper management of the tourism sector or hospitality management. So there are so proper regulations and policies that should be implemented for the development of the tourism or hospitality management. Tourism managers applied to the tourism sector policy and regulations. Firstly, tourism managers and policymakers require the crisis management in the tourism sector to understand the crisis situation of nature, like the intensity of the crisis or risk, analyze the crisis area and classify the crisis area based on the research or analysis. There are six phases to understand the stages of crisis management and reach out to the stakeholders for responsibility or necessaries from the victim people who are attacking crisis. six phases were developed from Faulker (2001) to understand the crisis moment or identify the crisis situation.
Table 01: Crisis Management Framework in Tourism
| No. | Phase | Principal strategies & actions | Key stages |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Pre-event | Contingency planning | Prevention based on known information |
| 02 | Prodromal (onset of crisis situation) | Initiation of contingency plans | Response |
| 03 | Emergency | Protective actions during crisis | Response |
| 04 | Intermediate | Short-term needs addreesed, clear communication strategy in place | Response |
| 05 | Recovery | Restoring infrastructure, facilities and tourist attractions; coordinated and sustained marketing response | Stimulation of recovery in the mid and long term |
| 06 | Resolution | Review of action plan taken to feed into further contingency plans | Prevention based on new learning |
A crisis management framwork is implemented for the field that is attacked in the crisis moment. Crisis management frameworks are used to reduce the crisis impact by crisis reduction managers, crisis reduction officers or those who work in crisis management.
There are six steps to assuage the impact of crisis management, cost of crisis etc. First, the pre-event phase occurs before the crisis or risk. The pre-event phase is the continued processs of planning to reduce the impact of a crisis. It has been a continued process to recover the crisis moment and it is working to prevent a crisis based on the information. Then we are trying to understand the crisis phase of the second phase which is prodromal, working on the offset of a crisis situation in a real place or situation. There are four steps to come out of any disaster or hazard such as prevention, mitigation, prepardness, recovery etc. But Faulkner identifies the six steps to identify crisis management to reduce the impact of a crisis situation or attack on the crisis people, group of people or crisis zone people.
Thirdly, Faulkner identified the emergency phase to identify the crisis management. The emergency phase is working on an action plan for a crisis moment or crisis situation. It is working on key stages to response. Response is the crucial role to identify the crisis area or situation.
Fourthly, the intermediate phase is not enough time to recognize the crisis moment. But it is a very important phase to identify the crisis situation. This phase is working in a short time to communicate with the stakeholders to identify the short-addressed crisis region or area. It is recognizing the crisis situation such as the crisis place, area, short area and crisis region.
Then, the recovery phase is the long-term process to realize the crisis situation, moment, infrastructure damage, tourist facilities etc. The tourism sector is concerned with the tourism facilities to build up tourism management, manufacturing etc. But there are some crisis-issue damages to the tourism sector; it is damage to tourism restructure, manufacturing, tourism attractions, tourism facilities etc. But this crisis issue climbs by the proper management in the tourism sector such as sharing the right information with the stakeholders and implementing policies. It is also maintaining the building code for the tourism sector to manufacture the sector. Sustain marketing policy and implement the right place to grow up the tourism sector. Sustaining marketing policy can help recover the tourism sector to continue the tourism or hospitality management.
Lastly, we are observing the tourism mangement with proper resolution. Resolution phase: identify the crisis situation after the crisis moment in local people review the action plan of the tourism sector. This phase is working to review the action plan and also learn from the previous session or action plan. It is the last phase to understand the crisis management phase and identify the crisis situation. This phase recognize the crisis management and is trying to understand the action plan for review.
